Impact of surficial factors on groundwater quality for irrigation using spatial techniques: emerging evidence from the northeast region of Ghana

Abstract The need for quality water in Africa agriculture cannot be underemphasized amidst the current global crises. focus of this study sought to evaluate groundwater irrigation purposes while unearthing emerging challenges area. In total, 202 samples were collected, and several parameters tested. employed QGIS multi-criteria decision analysis examine zones suitable agriculture. Findings from indicate that primary types Na–HCO3 Ca–HCO3. overall accuracy (OV) land use cover (LULC) map using Random Forest (RF) algorithm was 94.5%. revealed SpH influences GpH at p = 0.02891 (p < 0.05) SOM SOC influence GNO3 0.044 0.05). overlay spatially classified area into three categories suitability with ariel coverage showing areas good (1,534.34 km2), moderate (1,933.35 poor (1,815.21 km2). results uncovered 72.33% within desirable limits can concluded is acceptable irrigation.